Visca Andorra! Succession of The Episcopal Co-Prince

 

A Succession of a Monarch had taken place at noon of Saturday, 31 May 2025. The second episcopal succession of a Catholic head of state in the Marian month. But the most noteworthy thing here is that This succession of a Sovereign was determined by another Sovereign (whose Apostolic succession had been in the headlines)! Yes, you heard right! It was HH Pope Leo XIV who accepted the Resignation of The Bishop of Urgell, prompting an automatic succession by his Coadjutor (assistant). Let alone that this Catholic leader is the world's only Bishop, reigning over a Sovereign State (apart from The Pope). He is a Co-Prince of Andorra, a Pyreneean microstate, headed jointly by him and The French President. While the latter holds the title out of pure symbolism, it is The Bishop-Prince who is more directly connected to the Catalan-speaking, Catholic-majority nation, part of his Diocese. And in accordance to the 'Magna Carta', a 1993 document, bringing to modern relevance the feudal pact established between two co-princes in 1278, the new Episcopal head of state took his Constitutional Oath on June 26, 2025, formalizing his position as the world's newest Monarch, at the General Council Hall of Andorra, featuring the portraits of him and his French counterpart.

Let us begin with the Succession itself. It was announced on Saturday, May 31 (2025) that Pope Leo XIV had formally accepted the resignation of The Bishop of Urgell, according to canon 401.1 of the Code of Canon Law. Archbishop Joan-Enric Vives i Sicilia was required to submitt his resignation from ministry after his 75th Birthday - a commonplace retirement age for Catholic pastors - on July 24, 2024. Shortly before his milestone, on July 12, Pope Francis named then bishop-elect Josep-Lluís Serrano i Pentinat as coadjutor Bishop of Urgell, and his episcopal Ordination took place on September 21 (2024), presided over by Archbishop Edgar Peña Parra (the second most senior in Vatican's Secretariat of State). Hence Serrano had the full right to succeed Vives, who welcomed him to "work in communion" on matters of service to the diocese & the Principality, as he had done with his predecessor upon his own appoinement in 2001. Bishop Josep-Lluís Serrano, who turned 48 on March 19, 2025, was expected to succeed Archbishop Vives somewhat in October 2024, however the proceedings were delayed, and eventually finalized after the Apostolic Succession in The Holy See. According to canon 409.1 of The Code of The Canon Law, Bishop Serrano became automatically Bishop of Urgell from the moment the resignation of his predecessor was made public, and (subsequently) Co-Prince of Andorra, according to the article 43.2 of The Principality's Constitution. Archbishop Mons. Joan-Enric Vives became Bishop-Emeritus and former (Co-)Prince of Andorra in Accordance with Law 12/2022 on Protocol and Ceremonials.

The Episcopal Succession was finalized in one day (and marked by a joined Press Conference and exchange of The Bishop's insignia after a mass, beginning an Eucharistic celebration, in Andorra). However, the formal investiture was only to follow later in the past month, at The Andorra's General Council of The Valleys. According to the Constitution Established in 1993, the Co-Princes of Andorra are "the symbol and guarantee" of its permanence and continuity... as well as... independence and... the traditional balanced relations with the neighboring countries". While both Princes are represented by a senior official in most of their domestic duties, it is The Bishop-Prince who is inevitably more connected to the tiny nation (landlocked between Spain & France), 92% of which people are subjected to his Catholic Diocese (based in the Catalan town La Seu d'Urgell). He receives Credentials from foreign Ambassadors in person, hosts state visits in Andorra, represents the country in official events. Thus it was definite that The Bishop of Urgell had to take his Constitutional Oath of Office inside the New Parliament Building (next to the former Casa de la Val) in capital Andorra la Vella, in Catalan (Andorra's Official language) and receive a full set of state honors, which his French counterpart is only entitled in his Republic. Initially it was the Count of Foix who signed a pact with The Bishop of Urgell to co-rule the feudal territory in 1278, whose rights later passed down to The Kings of Navarre, who merged with The French Crown in 1607. Andorra was thus co-ruled by a French Monarch until a brief annexation of Catalonia by Napoleon I (1812-13) and then ex-officio by any French Head of State. It was only in 1993, though when it was defined as a Sovereign Parliamentary democracy, retaining its unique diarchic heads of state. Both their portraits hang in The Parliament Hall during the swearing in.

The Constitutional Oath of Bishop Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat as Co-Prince of Andorra took place on Thursday, 26 June 2025. The Episcopal Co-Prince arrived at Plaça Princep Benlloch shortly before 11am and proceeded through the streets greeting gathered people & schoolchildren holding flags. He was formally welcomed at the doors of Casa de la Vall compound by the General Syndic (speaker) of Andorra's General Council (parliament) Carles Ensenyat Reig. They jointly entered the New Parliament Building with a Corridor of Honor of 15 representatives from Andorra's 7 parishes formed up the stairs. Further down the corridor, seven deseners and seven captains lined each side wearing a beretina (the former red, the latter purple) and holding a sash. It was shortly after 11:00am when an official photo was taken in front of the door of Casa de la Vall (currently closed due to reconstruction). Afterwards The Co-Prince entered the new headquarters of The General Council, to sign the guest book, opened by Emmanuel Macron in 2019 and signed by all visiting authorities ever since, recording his own, prepared remarks. It was followed by Bishop Serrano greeting every member of The General Council of Andorra, ahead of a plenary session at 12:00' noon, during which the formal Oath Taking ceremony was held. Both the Representatives of The Episcopal and French Co-Princes, as well as Xavier Espot, The Head of The Government of Andorra, were in attendance. It began with remarks by The General Syndic, who highlighted "stability" and "continuity" as Andorra's "unquestionable values". Ensenyat mentioned several exemplary predecessors of The Bishop-Prince and wished Serrano "every success" as a symbol and guarantee of the permanence, continuity and independence of Andorra. Then the time of the oath had come. 

Co-Prince Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat swore in to faithfully exercise his functions, in front of an original copy of 'Magna Carta', signed by Co-Princes François Mitterand & Joan Martí Alanis in 1993. He then received and kissed the medal of The Co-Prince, which was followed by an extended applause and by The National Anthem of Andorra. The speaker then gave the floor to the newly-inaugurated Head of State. In his eight-pages inaugural speech, Bishop Serrano commited to the rules of a "modern, plural and non-denominational state" while referring to The Second Vatican Council as a principle of "positive secularism", drawing new horizons of dialogue & improving legal systems. He began by appealing to the legacy of the Bishops of Urgell, heads of the diocese since the 6th century and in charge of The Principality since the 12th century. Serrano focused on the duality of the religious-spiritual authority and a sovereign State of Law, within the framework of a constitutional identity, bridging the civil & ecclesiastical public law. He mentioned the principles of "healthy collaboration" between the Diocese and State as opening new horizons for dialogue to 'mutually enrich the legal system', not excluding evangelization. The co-prince emphasised that this concept (of 'positive secularism') "does not supress the religious fact in public life", but rather intergrates it into an institutional framework of respect and positive neutrality. He concluded by commiting to an economy that "serves the dignity of human person", prioritizing the most vulnerable, and is "called to educate in love and respect" as "a basic cell of our society". The ceremony, which lasted over half-an-hour was followed by The Episcopal Co-Prince receiving a tribute by a guard of honor at the exit of The General Council and observing a 21-gun-salute and a flag-raising ceremony in front of la Casa de la Vall. He greeted gathered people one by one, and posed for a final photo with the authorities before departing.

Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat received later the same day an Andorran passport by Xavier Espot, alongside a diplomatic booklet, that accredits him the function of the Head of State of Andorra. Thus within 12 months, Serrano, who had been Councelor of The Nunciature in the Section of General Affairs of The Secretariat of State (Holy See), became one of the world's 30 Sovereign Monarchs. After earning his licenciate in Canon Law and doctorate in Dogmatic Theology, the Catalan pastor, born in Tivissa, served as Secretary in different Nunciatures (Mozambique 2012-16, Nicaragua 2016-17, & Brazil 2017-19) having excelled his diplomatic skills, apart from the religious, serving as priest of Tortosa from 2002. His position of 'positive secularism' was welcomed by many Andorran Councilors, hoping for a possible decriminalization of abortion - a subject of past tensions - in near future, His predecessor, Joan-Enric Vives Sicilia, would not sign such an act had it passed, with Pope Francis clarifying back in 2018 that the approval of any legalization would force the Bishop-Prince to abdicate. Vives Sicilia from Barcelona, a priest since 1974 & bishop (titular of Nona and Auxiliary of Barcelona) since 1993 became coadjutor Bishop of Urgell on 25 June 2001 and succeeded Archbishop Joan Martí Alanis upon his resignation from The Diocese on 12 May 2003. He was sworn in as Co-Prince of Andorra on 10 July 2003, and received the personal title of Archbishop by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. There has been speculation that after Joan-Enric Vives's resignation The Vatican would create a separate Diocese of Andorra, abolishing the centuries-long feudal connection with The Diocese of Urgell. The appointment, however, of Josep-Lluís Serrano (the youngest Bishop in Spain) as coadjutor last year, and his eventual succession as Bishop & Co-Prince last month - with the ministries of Bishop-Emeritus and the new head of The Diocese celebrated on June 14 in a Thanksgiving Service at Seu d'Urgell Cathedral - have preserved the unique tradition of the world's only sovereign diarchy for one more generation.

Videos:

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Enric_Vives_i_Sic%C3%ADlia

https://bisbaturgell.org/ca/nota-de-premsa-del-bisbat-durgell

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https://www.france24.com/en/france/20250415-andorra-the-country-that-makes-a-prince-out-of-every-french-president

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josep-Llu%C3%ADs_Serrano_Pentinat

'You are Peter': Pope LEO XIV's Inauguration of Ministry & Installation as Bishop of Rome

Shortly before the Inauguration of his Petrine Ministry at 10:00'am, His Holiness Pope Leo XIV was seen entering St. Peter's Square on a Popemobile for the first time. It was The Fifth Sunday of Easter, 18th May of The Holy Jubilee Year 2025. The first Pope born in the US, post-War, was solemnly inaugurated as Supreme Pontiff during an Eucharist Mass he presided in front of 200,000 pilgrims, including 30 heads of state and almost a thousand of religious figures. His Holiness, a naturalized Peruvian Citizen who served there as an Augustinian missionary & then Bishop for a good part of our century, was proclaimed "Shepherd of The Sheep" as he received his Piscatory Ring & the Pallium - the episcopal insignia of the Successor of Peter - ten days after he was elected to succeed the late Pope Francis as Head of The Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of The Holy See. In his homily, Leo XIV proclaimed his vision of a missionary Church, united by God's "infinite and unconditional" love, mentioning his Papal Motto 'in the one Christ, we are one'. The Holy Father declared that he is "a Christian with You, a Bishop For You" and "Roman" before he was formally installed as 267th Bishop of Rome in The Eternal City's Archbasilica of Saint John The Lateran, as part of having taken possession of the rest of four Papal Basilicas (starting with Saint Peter's on May 18) on May 20 and 25, 2025.

The eucharistic celebration of The Inaugural mass of Pope Leo XIV Petrine Ministry began at 10:00am (Sunday, 18 May 2025), inside St. Peter's Basilica. His Holiness descended to the Tomb of Saint Peter beneath the Altar, and paused in prayer for the Apostle, considered as the founding Pope of The Roman Church. The choir sang the Latin hymn "Tu est Petrus" ("You are Peter"). The Holy Father touched the trophaeum (the martyred Apostle's memorial mark) as two deacons took the Pallium - a woolen white strip, embroidened with six black crosses - the fisherman's ring and the Book of The Gospels. The Pallium represents the Savior, who encounters the humans like lost sheep (evoking the image of The Good Shepherd). It is a liturgical vestment, worn on the pontiff's shoulders - as symbol of pastoral responsibility towards the 1.4 billion of global Catholics - and held in place by three pins. The fisherman's ring, that in the past included the bull (seal), is the symbol of papal authority; a gold signet, depicting St. Peter ('the fisherman') outside, and the current Pope's name & coat-of-arms inside. Then, The Bishop of Rome, accompanied by Patriarchs of the Eastern Churches, ascended back to St. Peter's Basilica, and joined the 200 (attending) Cardinals in procession to St. Peter's Square. Pope Leo walked assisted by the papal ferula ('rod') of Pope Paul VI, which was commonly used by Pope-Saint John Paul II. This was a special nod to the Polish Pope, whose 105th birth anniversary was also on May 18 (2025).

The procession was accompanied by the singing of the ancient Latin hymn "Laudes Regiae", honoring Christ's triumph, while an extensive Litany of Saints was being recited. Seen from the parvise of Saint Peter's Square was a Flemish tapestry by Raphael, hanging from the central gate of The Basilica and a Holy icon of Our Lady..., placed next to the (errected) Altar. The tapestry portrayed the Dialogue between Jesus and Peter - a central theme in the Liturgy of the World - depicting the miraculous catch of fish by Apostle Peter (hence his calling: 'fisher of the men'). The image of Our Lady of Good Counsel is from the Marian Shrine of Genazzano (which has long been under the protection of the Augustine Order). People gathered thriughout The Square broke to applauses and cheers "Viva il Papa!" ('Long Live The Pope!) as Leo appeared, just as they had less than an hour before, when he was seen riding the Popemobile. From the right side of The Altar, more than 750 bishops and deacons sat, plus the Cardinals and other religious leaders. On the left, official delegations of State leaders and their representatives. They included: Two Kings, Three Queens, The Sovereign Couples of Luxembourg, Monaco, Hereditary Couple of Liechtenstein, Crown Princess of Sweden, and The outgoing (& incoming) Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra. The Queens of Belgium and Spain, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg & Princess of Monaco were all dressed in white, excersizing the Privilege du Blanc ('Privilege of the White'), the customary right of all Catholic Royal Consorts to not wear a black attire in presence of The Pope (as the tradition holds for other women).

Pope Leo XIV blessed the altar and poured on holy water, a rite followed during Eastern Season. Then the Gloria and the Collect were sung, reflecting The Father's plan to build His Church upon Peter. The Liturgy of The World began afterwards. A reading by The Acts of Apostles, proclaiming that Christ was rejected by builders as a 'stone' (petra in greek) was read in Spanish, with a response that the rejected stone became "a cornerstone" (for the building of the Church) in Italian. The Second reading in Spanish from The First Letter of Peter underscored the connection between The Apostle, The Church of Rome, and Ministry of his Successor(s). A passage from John of The Gospel was then proclaimed in both Latin and Greek (a nod to the Eastern Catholic tradition). It recounted Jesus' unique designation to Peter among The 12 Apostles (to "feed My lambs", "tend My sheep"). The proclamation of The Gospel was followed by the Conferral of The Petrine Episcopal Insignia to The Supreme Pontiff. Three Cardinals from different orders & representing different continents, approached The Holy Father one after another. First Cardinal-deacon Mario Zenari (the Italian apostolic nuncio to Syria) imposed the Pallium on The Pope's shoulders. Then Cardinal-priest Fridolin Ambongo (Archbishop of Kinshasa, in Democratic Republic of Congo) recited a prayer asked for God's blessing to the new roman pontiff. Last but not least, Cardinal-bishop Luis Antonio Tagle (Filipino pro-prefect of the Dicastery for the Evangelization of Peoples), came over and bestowed The Vicar of Christ with the Piscatory, fisherman's Ring of his Reign. The new Papacy was formally launched, The Sovereign of The Holy See had been Inaugurated.

 

After a moment of prayer to The Holy Spirit, The newly-installed Head of The Roman Catholic Church took the Book of the Gospels, and blessed the assembled making a sign of The Cross. An acclamation in Latin and Greek was made, reciting: "Ad multos annos, Domine" ("Many years to you, Lord"). The pope was left visibly moved, and a spontaneous applause broke out amongst the congregation. Following was the rite of obedience: twelve people; including the senior Cardinals from three orders (who had just conferred the episcopal insignia to the pope), two superior generals (one male & one female), and two married couples - symbolizing the breadth and unity of the Catholic community from around the world - and young people; paid hommage to His Holiness, symbolizing a gesture of filial obedience. The choir sang once again 'Tu est Petrus' and The Bishop of Rome began his homily. The Holy Father greeted everyone - including delegations of Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, Zoroastrian and Jainist denominations - in attendance, and quoted Saint Augustine addressing God's Love and saying that "our heart is restless until it rests in you".

The Holy Father initially referred to the death of Pope Francis after his final Blessing on Easter Sunday, leaving the faithful like "sheep without a shepherd". He reiterated however, with "eyes of faith, hope & joy" to remember that "God never abandons us" and thus expressed graditude to everyone who accompanied the College of Cardinals with prayer during The Papal conclave, where he said they felt in harmony with The Holy Spirit, "like musical instruments" with their headstrings vibrating a single melody. On his election, Leo said that he was chosen "without any merit of my own", and that he now comes as a brother "with fear and trembling", deciding to serve your faith and your joy, walking with you on the path of God's love" ... "united in one family". He then stressed on love and unity as the leading elements entrusted to Peter by Jesus. His Holiness explained that Peter's experience of "infinite and unconditional love of God" enabled him to fullfil his mission, and that the disciples may be "fishers of men" to continue this mission, bring "the hope of Gospel" so that all people can experience "God's embrace". The Pope additionally focused on a "self-sacrificing love" by the example of Saint Peter, who was entrusted with "loving more", ready to give "his life for the flock". That kind of bond he connected with The Ministry of Peter, and the charity of Christ & The Church of Rome, which should never be "a question of capturing others by force, by religious propaganda, or by means of power" but rather of love in Jesus' example. That said, The Supreme Pontiff expressed his hope for a "united Church, a sign of unity and communion" ... "a leaven for a reconciled world". And mentioning the current inbalanced reality, The Holy Father called upon everyone to come closer to Christ, and help the Church not close to itself in small groups or superiority illusions by promoting a missionary & inclusive spirit. He quoted his predecessor, Leo XIII, asking if this were to happen, wouldn't every conflict cease and peace return?

Pope Leo XIV finished his inaugural homily by proclaiming this as "the hour of love", The heart of the Gospel & Love of God making "us brothers and sisters", and called upon everyone to "walk towards God and love one another". A prolonged moment of silence followed as the 69-year-old Holy Pontiff's reflections still echoed in everyone's ears. The 'Creed' psalm was sung in Latin, followed by a Universal prayer (of The Faithful), recited in intersections in: Portuguese, French, Arabic, Polish and Chinese (for The Roman Pontiff, his ministry, those in positions of authority, those suffering & gathered assembly). The Offectory then chanted "Tu est pastor ovium" ("You are The Shepherd of the sheep"), highlighting the authority given to Peter (& his 266 Successors) by Christ. His Holiness prayed the First (& longest of the four) Eucharistic Prayer(s) - of The Roman Canon - using a chalice and paten of his namesake predecessor Leo XIII (pope: 1878-1903). The Holy Communion was then distributed (followed by prayers for the 'fruits of redemption' and the unity & charity of Church, the protection of its Head & his flock). Following The Communion rite, The Holy Father implied a brief, personal address to "dear brothers and sisters", thanking them to the faith, recalling those suffering in conflict zones (in Ukraine, Myanmar & Gaza), imploring Pope Francis' 'spiritual presence' and calling for the intercession of Our Lady of Good Counsel in the name of 'Risen Christ'. Regina caeli - a paschal hymn dedicated to the Marian month - was sung, and a final solemn blessing, imbuing the Lord's Blessing of The Church (as vine in His planted vineyard), was imparted by The Roman Pontiff. HH Pope Leo XIV then enterred St. Peter's Basilica to personally receive congratulations from the official guests of 150 foreign delegations.

In the week following The Inauguration of his Ministry as Supreme Pontiff within Vatican City State (& its Basilica of Saint Peter), Pope Leo XIV completed his inaugural events as Bishop of Rome in the Eternal City's other three Papal Basilicas. He visited The Basilica of Saint Paul Outside The Walls on Tuesday 20th May 2025, venerated The Apostle's Throphaeum & prayed in front of his Tomb, before formally taking his seat on its Episcopal throne. The Sovereign of The Holy See was accompanied by a procession of Benedictine monks, affiliated to the Basilica & in his homily quoted Pope Benedict XVI preaching about "God's loving plan" for Salvation. On Sunday, 25th May 2025, The Holy Father took possession of the remaining two Basilicas in Rome. On his way to The Cathedral, he stopped in front of The Capitoline (City Hall) where he was formally welcomed by The Mayor of Rome Roberto Gualtieri and declared that: "for you and with you (the people) I am Roman!". At 17:00' His Holiness celebrated his Inaugural Mass at The Archbasilica of Saint John The Lateran, where he was formally enthroned as Head of the City's Episcopal Diocese. At his homily he quoted both Saint Augustine ("a Christian with You and a bishop For you") & Blessed Pope John Paul I (the short-served "smiling Pope"), who had himself paraphrased a pledge of Saint Pius X to The Venetians; assuring he loved them & will devote "the little I have and am, at the service of all". Finally, The 267th Bishop of Rome visited The Basilica of Saint Mary Major, in a popemobile procession through the streets of Rome & greeting The Faithful from the Loggias of both Temples. There at 7:30'pm The Pope celebrated another mass, while offering a floral tribute to The Holy Icon of "Salus Populi Romani" & praying on the tomb of his late Predecessor

On Saturday, May 31 (2025) on The Feast of The Visitation of Virgin Mary, HH Pope Leo XIV presided over a mass of presbyterian ordination in St. Peter's Basilica, creating 11 Priests of The Holy Roman Church.

Following a strumbling period of its Apostolic Succession, The Holy See of The Roman Catholic Church had finally been cemented under a new leadership. As it went through an extraordinary post-Eastern Season, The Archdiocese of The City of Rome Installed its duly elected Bishop throughout The Marian Month (of May, dedicated to The Virgin Mary - under whose wings Pope Francis is laid to Rest) turning The period prior to Pentecost (50-days after Easter) into a Special time for Devotion, Prayer and Renewal. Once formally Ascended to the humblest & yet most influential Christian Ministry on Earth, American, Augustinian, Missionary - Pope Leo XIV will lead The Holy Roman Church & its millions-strong Global flock throughout The Jubilee Year of Hope and beyond after he closes The Holy Gates left open by His Immediate Predecessor in The Basilicas he has now taken possession of. Viva il Papa!

Videos:

Sources:

https://web.archive.org/web/20250517215345/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/rite-inauguration-petrine-ministry-leo-xiv-symbolism-rites.html

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https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/264471/pope-leo-xiv-ordains-11-priests-for-diocese-of-rome-calls-for-transparency-and-credibility#:~:text=Pope%20Leo%20XIV%20ordains%2011%20new%20priests%20for%20Rome%2C%20urges%20transparent%20priesthood&text=Pope%20Leo%20XIV%20ordained%2011,in%20service%20to%20God's%20people.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privil%C3%A8ge_du_blanc

https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/pope-leo-xiv-ordination-mass-rome-diocese-priests.html

https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/speeches/2025/may/documents/20250531-conclusione-mesemariano.html

https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/rosary-procession-closes-month-of-may-in-vatican-gardens.html

https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2025/05/31/250531d.html